Which component of a robot is primarily responsible for executing physical tasks?

The end effector is the component of a robot that is primarily responsible for executing physical tasks. It serves as the robot's hand or tool, allowing it to interact with and manipulate the environment. End effectors can take various forms, such as grippers, claws, or specialized tools designed for specific functions. Their design and functionality are crucial in defining the types of tasks a robot can perform, whether it’s picking up objects, welding, or performing surgery.

While the controller manages the robot's operations and processes sensory information to guide the end effector, it does not physically manipulate objects. Sensors provide the necessary feedback to help the robot understand its surroundings and make informed decisions, but they do not execute tasks themselves. The power supply is essential for providing energy to the robot’s components, but it does not engage in any physical task execution. Thus, the end effector stands out as the primary component responsible for carrying out the actions that define a robot’s operational capabilities.